a) Từ gt, suy ra
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y+2\right)+\left(x+y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+2\right)\left(2x^2-2xy+2y^2+2x+2y+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2\right]=0\)
Do đó: \(x+y+2=0\Leftrightarrow x+y=-2\)
Mặt khác \(xy>0\Rightarrow x< 0;y< 0\)
Áp dụng AM-GM, ta có
\(\sqrt{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)}\le\dfrac{\left(-x\right)+\left(-y\right)}{2}=1\) nên \(xy\le1\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-2}{xy}\le-2\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\le-2\)
GTLN của M là -2 khi x=y=-1
Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel, ta có
\(VT=\dfrac{a^6}{a^3+a^2b+b^2a}+\dfrac{b^6}{b^3+b^2c+c^2b}+\dfrac{c^6}{c^3+c^2a+ca^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+b^2\ge ab\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(b^3+c^3\ge bc\left(b+c\right);c^3+a^3\ge ca\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)
\(3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
