Bài 1:
\(A=\log_380=\log_3(2^4.5)=\log_3(2^4)+\log_3(5)\)
\(=4\log_32+\log_35=4a+b\)
\(B=\log_3(37,5)=\log_3(2^{-1}.75)=\log_3(2^{-1}.3.5^2)\)
\(=\log_3(2^{-1})+\log_33+\log_3(5^2)=-\log_32+1+2\log_35\)
\(=-a+1+2b\)
Bài 2:
\(\log_{30}8=\frac{\log 8}{\log 30}=\frac{\log (2^3)}{\log (10.3)}=\frac{3\log2}{\log 10+\log 3}\)
\(=\frac{3\log (\frac{10}{5})}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(\log 10-\log 5)}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(1-b)}{1+a}\)
Bài 3:
\(\log_{27}5=a; \log_87=b; \log_23=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{\ln 27}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{\ln 8}=b; \frac{\ln 3}{\ln 2}=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{\ln (3^3)}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{\ln (2^3)}=b; \ln 3=c\ln 2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{3\ln 3}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{3\ln 2}=b; \ln 3=c\ln 2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{3c\ln 2}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{3\ln 2}=b\)
\(\Rightarrow \ln 35=\ln 5+\ln 7=3ac\ln 2+3b\ln 2\)
Do đó:
\(D=\log_6 35=\frac{\ln 35}{\ln 6}=\frac{\ln 35}{\ln 2+\ln 3}=\frac{\ln 35}{\ln 2+c\ln 2}=\frac{3ac\ln 2+3b\ln 2}{\ln 2+c\ln 2}\)
\(=\frac{3ac+3b}{1+c}\)
