Trong mặt phẳng tọa độ Oxy, cho \(\overrightarrow u = (2; - 3),\;\overrightarrow v = (4;1),\;\overrightarrow a = (8; - 12)\)
a) Hãy biểu thị mỗi vectơ \(\overrightarrow u ,\;\overrightarrow v ,\;\overrightarrow a \) theo các vectơ \(\overrightarrow i ,\;\overrightarrow j \)
b) Tìm tọa độ của các vectơ \(\overrightarrow u + \;\overrightarrow v ,\;4.\;\overrightarrow u \)
c) Tìm mối liên hệ giữa hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow u ,\;\overrightarrow a \)
a) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow u = (2; - 3)\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow u = 2.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 3} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \)
Tương tự ta có: \(\overrightarrow v = (4;1),\;\overrightarrow a = (8; - 12)\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow v = 4.\;\overrightarrow i + 1.\;\overrightarrow j ;\;\;\overrightarrow a = 8.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 12} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow u = 2.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 3} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \\\overrightarrow v = 4.\;\overrightarrow i + 1.\;\overrightarrow j \end{array} \right.\)(theo câu a)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow u + \;\overrightarrow v = \left( {2.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 3} \right).\;\overrightarrow j } \right) + \left( {4.\;\overrightarrow i + 1.\;\overrightarrow j } \right)\\4.\;\overrightarrow u = 4\left( {2.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 3} \right).\;\overrightarrow j } \right)\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow u + \;\overrightarrow v = \left( {2.\;\overrightarrow i + 4.\;\overrightarrow i } \right) + \left( {\left( { - 3} \right).\;\overrightarrow j + 1.\;\overrightarrow j } \right)\\4.\;\overrightarrow u = 4.2.\;\overrightarrow i + 4.\left( { - 3} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow u + \;\overrightarrow v = 6.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 2} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \\4.\;\overrightarrow u = 8.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 12} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
c) Vì \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}4.\;\overrightarrow u = 8.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 12} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \\\overrightarrow a = 8.\;\overrightarrow i + \left( { - 12} \right).\;\overrightarrow j \end{array} \right.\) nên ta suy ra \(4.\;\overrightarrow u = \overrightarrow a \)