ĐK : \(x\ne1\)
P thuộc Z \(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+1⋮x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-1\right)+2x+1⋮x-1\)
Vì \(2x\left(x-1\right)⋮x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1⋮x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)+3⋮x-1\)
Vì \(2\left(x-1\right)⋮x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow3⋮x-1\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)( thỏa )