Giải:
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=b+c+d\\3b=a+c+d\\3c=a+b+d\\3d=b+c+a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+d}+\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}+\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=1+1+1+1=4\)
Vậy \(M=4\).
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Ta có
\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Trường hợp thứ nhất \(a+b+c+d\ne0\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}+\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}+\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1+1+1+1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=4\)
Trường hợp thứ hai\(a+b+c+d=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\\b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\\c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\\d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}+\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}+\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=-4\)
Vậy \(M\in\left\{4;-4\right\}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\dfrac{d}{b+c+a}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+a}\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d\ne0\) thì từ trên suy ra:
\(b+c+d=a+c+d=a+b+d=b+c+a\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d=0\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\\b+c=-\left(a+d\right)\\c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\\d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}+\dfrac{-\left(a+d\right)}{a+d}+\dfrac{-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)
Vậy *Với \(a+b+c+d\ne0\) thì M = 4
* Với \(a+b+c+d=0\) thì M = -4
