a: \(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2-3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1+x-2\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{2x-3\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b: Thay x=16 vào P, ta được:
\(P=\frac{2\cdot4-1}{4+1}=\frac{8-1}{5}=\frac75\)
c: \(P=\frac12\)
=>\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac12\)
=>\(4\sqrt{x}-2=\sqrt{x}+1\)
=>\(3\sqrt{x}=3\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}=1\)
=>x=1(loại)
d: P<1
=>P-1<0
=>\(\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1-\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}<0\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}-2<0\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}<2\)
=>0<=x<4
kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: 0<=x<4 và x<>1
e: Để P là số nguyên thì \(2\sqrt{x}-1\) ⋮\(\sqrt{x}+1\)
=>\(2\sqrt{x}+2-3\) ⋮\(\sqrt{x}+1\)
=>-3⋮\(\sqrt{x}+1\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}+1\in\left\lbrace1;3\right\rbrace\)
=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left\lbrace0;2\right\rbrace\)
=>x∈{0;4}