Bài cuối: (E nghĩ đề này thiếu a, b, c dương)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2y+3z+5}{1+x}+\dfrac{3z+x+5}{1+2y}+\dfrac{x+2y+5}{1+3z}\)
= \(\dfrac{2y+3z+5}{1+x}+1+\dfrac{3z+x+5}{1+2y}+1+\dfrac{x+2y+5}{1+3z}+1-3\)
= \(\dfrac{x+2y+3z+6}{1+x}+\dfrac{x+2y+3z+6}{1+2y}+\dfrac{x+2y+3z+6}{1+3z}-3\)
= \(\left(x+2y+3z+6\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1+x}+\dfrac{1}{1+2y}+\dfrac{1}{1+3z}\right)-3\)
= \(24\left(\dfrac{1}{1+x}+\dfrac{1}{1+2y}+\dfrac{1}{1+3z}\right)-3\)
Ta có BĐT phụ: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) với mọi a, b, c > 0
Thật vậy: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số \(\dfrac{1}{a}\); \(\dfrac{1}{b}\); \(\dfrac{1}{c}\) dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số a; b; c dương ta có:
a + b + c \(\ge\) 3\(\sqrt[3]{abc}\) (**)
Nhân 2 vế của (*) và (**) ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{abc}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT phụ cho 3 số \(\dfrac{1}{1+x}\); \(\dfrac{1}{1+2y}\); \(\dfrac{1}{1+3z}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+x}+\dfrac{1}{1+2y}+\dfrac{1}{1+3z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+2y+3z+3}=\dfrac{9}{21}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(24\left(\dfrac{1}{1+x}+\dfrac{1}{1+2y}+\dfrac{1}{1+3z}\right)-3\ge24\cdot\dfrac{3}{7}-3=\dfrac{51}{7}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 + x = 1 + 2y = 1 + 3z
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 2y = 3z