\(ax^2+bx+c=0\)

Do phương trình có 2 nghiệm dương

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta>0\\S>0\\P>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2-4ac>0\\\dfrac{-b}{a}>0\\\dfrac{c}{a}>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2-4ac>0\\\dfrac{b}{a}< 0\\\dfrac{c}{a}>0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2-4ac>0\\b,a\left(trái.dấu\right)\\c,a\left(cùng.dấu\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b,c\) trái đấu

Xét \(cx^2+bx+a=0\)

Giả sử phương trình có 2 nghiệm dương

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta>0\\P>0\\S>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2-4ac>0\\\dfrac{c}{a}>0\\\dfrac{-b}{c}>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2-4ac>0\\\dfrac{c}{a}>0\\\dfrac{b}{c}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) ( 1 )

Do b , c trái dấu nên ( 1 ) luôn đúng vậy pt \(cx^2+bx+a=0\) luôn có 2 nghiệm dương phân biệt

\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm

Xét pt \(ax^2+bx+c=0\) \(\forall\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1>0\\x_2>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo định lý Viet

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S=x_1+x_2=\dfrac{-b}{a}>0\\P=x_1x_2=\dfrac{c}{a}>0\end{matrix}\right.\)( 1 )

Xét pt \(cx^2+bx+a=0\) \(\forall\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_3>0\\x_4>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo định lý Viet

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S=x_3+x_4=\dfrac{-b}{c}>0\\P=x_3x_4=\dfrac{a}{c}>0\end{matrix}\right.\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz cho 4 bộ số thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4\ge4\sqrt[4]{x_1x_2x_3x_4}\)

\(\Rightarrow x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a}.\dfrac{a}{c}}=4\) ( đpcm )

\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}\)

\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+b^2+bc+ca}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc+c^2+ab}}\)

\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab}{c+a}\right)}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left[\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]+\left[\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}\right]+\left[\dfrac{b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}\right]}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}+\dfrac{ac}{\sqrt{b+ca}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\) ( đpcm )

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+b-\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+c-\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right]\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz cho 3 bộ số thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+ab+b^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}=3ab\\b^2+bc+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{b^3c^3}=3bc\\c^2+ca+a^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{c^3a^3}=3ca\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\le\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\dfrac{a+b}{3}\\\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}\le\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{3bc}=\dfrac{b+c}{3}\\\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\le\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{3ca}=\dfrac{c+a}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\le\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right]\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right]\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\) ( đpcm )

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+a}\le\dfrac{a}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\\\dfrac{b}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{b}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{c}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{c}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{c}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{b}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{c}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\left[\dfrac{a}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b}{4\left(a+b\right)}\right]+\left[\dfrac{b}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c}{4\left(b+c\right)}\right]+\left[\dfrac{c}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{4\left(a+c\right)}\right]\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\) ( đpcm )

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

\(\left(x^4+ax^3+b\right)\) \(⋮\) \(\left(x^2-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4+ax^3+b\right)\) \(⋮\) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^4+ax^3+b\right)⋮\left(x-1\right)\\\left(x^4+ax^3+b\right)⋮\left(x+1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=x^4+ax^3+b\)

Theo định lý Bezout , số dư của \(f\left(x\right)=x^4+ax^3+b\) cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1\\x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)là

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(-1\right)=x^4+ax^3+b=1-a+b=0\left(1\right)\\f\left(1\right)=x^4+ax^3+b=1+a+b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-a+b=1+a+b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0\)

Thay \(a=0\) vào phương trình \(\left(1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow1+b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b=-1\)

Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

ta có sơ đồ: 

tuổi bố hiện nay là 6 phần, tuổi con hiện nay là 1 phần.

hiệu số phần bằng nhau là : 6 - 1 = 5 ( phần )

tuổi của bố hiện nay là : 30 : 5 x 6 = 36 ( tuổi )

tuổi của con hiện nay là : 36 - 30 = 6 ( tuổi )

tuổi của bố sau đây 4 năm nữa là : 36 + 4 = 40 ( tuổi )

tuổi của con sau đây 4 năm nữa là : 6 + 4 = 10 ( tuổi )

sau đây 4 năm nữa, tuổi bố sẽ gấp số lần tuổi con là : 40 : 10 = 4 ( lần )

đáp số : 4 lần.

Ta có \(\dfrac{xy}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{3}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8xy=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8xy}{3}=x^2+y^2\)

\(A=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{x^2-2xy+y^2}=\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2xy}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2xy}=\dfrac{\dfrac{8xy}{3}+2xy}{\dfrac{8xy}{3}-2xy}=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{3}xy}{\dfrac{2}{3}xy}=7\)

Vậy biểu thức \(A=7\)

\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\)

\(VT=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\)

\(VT=3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\c^2+1\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\\\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{bc^2}{2c}=\dfrac{bc}{2}\\\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ca^2}{2a}=\dfrac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) (1)

Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\le3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2)

\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(x^2-kx+k-1=0\)

Theo định lý Viet

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=\dfrac{-b}{a}\\x_1x_2=\dfrac{c}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=k\\x_1x_2=k-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo yêu cầu đề bài \(x^2_1x_2+x^2_2x_1=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x_1x_2\left(x_1+x_2\right)=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)k=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^2-k=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^2-k-5=0\)

\(\Delta=b^2-4ac\)

\(\Delta=21\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\\k_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{21}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow x^2_1+x^2_2\ge2\sqrt{x^2_1x^2_2}=2\left|x_1x_2\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2_1+x^2_2\ge2\left|k-1\right|\)

Vì \(2\left|k-1\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2_1+x^2_2\ge0\)

Vậy \(Min_{x^2_1+x^2_2}=0\) khi \(k=1\)