a. M(x) = x2 -5x -2x3 + x4 + 1
= x4 - 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 1
N(x) = -5x3 -3 + 8x4 + x2
= 8x4 - 5x3 + x2 - 3
b. M(x) + N(x) = x4 - 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 1 + 8x4 - 5x3 + x2 - 3
= (x4 + 8x4) + (-2x3 - 5x3) + (x2 + x2 ) - 5x + (1 - 3)
= 9x4 - 7x3 + 2x2 - 5x - 2
M (x) - N (x) = x4 - 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 1 - ( 8x4 - 5x3 + x2 - 3)
= x4 - 2x3 + x2 - 5x + 1 - 8x4 + 5x3 - x2 + 3
= (x4 - 8x4 ) + ( -2x3 + 5x3 ) + (x2 - x2 ) - 5x + (1 + 3)
= -7x4 + 3x3 - 5x + 4