a) x^3−3x^2−4x+12
=(x^3-3x^2)-(4x-12)
=x^2(x-3)-4(x-3)
=(x-3)(x^2-4)=(x-3)(x-2)(x+2)
b) x^4-5x^2+4=x^4-x^2-4x^2+4
=(x^4-x^2) - ( 4x^2-4)
=x^2(x^2-1) - 4(x^2-1)
=(x^2-1)(x^2-4)
=(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)(x+2)
c) (x+y+z)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3
=x^3+y^3+z^3+3x^2yz+3xy^2z+3xyz^2-x^3-y^3-z^3
=3x^2yz+3xy^2z+3xyz^2
3xyz(x+y+z)