Ta phân tích \(n^2=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3+\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)
\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)=u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3+\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)
Đặt \(v_n=u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3+\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=1\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ \(v_{n+1}=v_n\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=v_n=v_{n-1}=...=v_1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3+\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n=1\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{6}n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=1+\dfrac{2n^3-3n^2+n}{6}=1+\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)\left(2n-1\right)}{6}\)
\(u_2=u_1+1^2=1+1^2=1+\dfrac{1\cdot2\cdot3}{6}\\ u_3=u_2+2^2=1+1^2+2^2=1+\dfrac{2\cdot3\cdot5}{6}\\ u_4=u_3+3^2=1+1^2+2^2+3^2=1+\dfrac{3\cdot4\cdot7}{6}\\ ...\\ \Rightarrow u_n=1+\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
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