Lời giải +HD chi tiết
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\) {vì (a+b+c=1}
\(A=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}\right)\) {nhân pp}
\(A=\left(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{c}\right)\){tách nhỏ ra}
\(A=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\) ghép lại theo định hướng
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}=x\\\dfrac{b}{c}=y\\\dfrac{a}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A=3+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) {đổi biến viêt cho gọn }
\(A=3+2.3+\left(\sqrt{x}-2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y}-2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{y}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z}-2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z}}\right)\)
{định hướng ghép bp}
\(A=9+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{y}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z}}\right)^2\)
\(\sum\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow9+\sum\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2\ge9\Rightarrow A\ge9\)Kết thúc
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz dạng engel ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
