a. \(A=\left(\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-1}{x-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x+\sqrt{x}}\right):\dfrac{2\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-1}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)-\left(x\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)}\right):\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{x-1}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)-\left(x\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)}{x^2-x}\right).\dfrac{x-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x^2\sqrt{x}+x^2-x-\sqrt{x}-\left(x^2\sqrt{x}-x^2+x-\sqrt{x}\right)}{x^2-x}\right).\dfrac{x-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x^2\sqrt{x}+x^2-x-\sqrt{x}-x^2\sqrt{x}+x^2-x+\sqrt{x}}{x^2-x}\right).\dfrac{x-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2-2x}{x^2-x}.\dfrac{x-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x^2-x\right)}{x^2-x}.\dfrac{x-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=2.\dfrac{x-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b. \(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Để A có giá trị nguyên \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\) \(\Leftrightarrow2⋮\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;0;3;-1\right\}\)
Vì \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;0;3\right\}\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{4;0;9\right\}\)
Vậy để A có giá trị nguyên thì \(x\in\left\{4;0;9\right\}\)
