1, b) \(\frac{x^2+y^2-4+2xy}{x^2-y^2+4+4x}\) = \(\frac{\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-4}{\left(x^2+4x+4\right)-y^2}\) =\(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2-2^2}{\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2}\)= \(\frac{\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)}{\left(x+2+y\right)\left(x+2-y\right)}\) = \(\frac{x+y-2}{x+2-y}\)
2, A= \(\frac{a^2+ax+ab+bx}{a^2+ax-ab-bx}\) = \(\frac{\left(a^2+ax\right)+\left(ab+bx\right)}{\left(a^2+ax\right)-\left(ab+bx\right)}\) = \(\frac{a\left(a+x\right)+b\left(a+x\right)}{a\left(a+x\right)-b\left(a+x\right)}\)= \(\frac{\left(a+x\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+x\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)= \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}\)