\(1,4a=5b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{b-a}{4-5}=\dfrac{27}{-1}=-27\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-135\\b=-108\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2,\dfrac{1}{3}x=\dfrac{1}{2}y=\dfrac{1}{5}z\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x+2y-z}{3+4-5}=\dfrac{8}{2}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=8\\z=20\end{matrix}\right.\\ 3,\dfrac{1}{3}a=\dfrac{1}{2}b;\dfrac{1}{5}a=\dfrac{1}{7}c\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{15}=\dfrac{b}{10}=\dfrac{c}{21}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{15+10+21}=\dfrac{184}{46}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=60\\b=40\\c=84\end{matrix}\right.\)