a) (x² + 2x + 1) - 3(x + 1)
= (x + 1)² - 3(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x + 1 - 3)
= (x + 1)(x - 2)
b) x² - y² + 4x + 4
= (x² + 4x + 4) - y²
= (x + 2)² - y²
= (x + 2 - y)(x + 2 + y)
c) x³ + 27 + (x + 3)(x - 9)
= (x + 3)(x² - 3x + 9) + (x + 3)(x - 9)
= (x + 3)(x² - 3x + 9 + x - 9)
= (x + 3)(x² - 2x)
d) 2x³ - 4x² - 2x + 4
= (2x³ - 4x²) - (2x - 4)
= 2x²(x - 2) - 2(x - 2)
= (x - 2)(2x² - 2)
:)





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