`a, (a-1)(a+1)(a^2+1)`
`= (a^2-1)(a^2+1)`
`= a^4-1`
`b, (xy+1)^2 - (xy-1)^2`
`= x^2y^2 + 2xy + 1 - x^2y^2 + 2xy - 1`
`= 4xy`
a) \(\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
\(=a^4-1\)
b) \(\left(xy+1\right)^2-\left(xy-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(xy+1\right)-\left(xy-1\right)\right]\left[\left(xy+1\right)+\left(xy-1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(xy+1-xy+1\right)\left(xy+1+xy-1\right)\)
\(=4xy\)