a) \(m^2-n^2=\left(m-n\right)\left(m+n\right)\)
b) \(\left(x^2+x-1\right)^2-\left(x^2+2x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+x-1+x^2+2x+3\right)\left(x^2+x-1-x^2-2x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(2x^2+3x+2\right)\left(-4-x\right)\)
c) \(-16+\left(x-3\right)^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-16=\left(x-3-4\right)+\left(x-3+4\right)=\left(x-7\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
d) \(64+16y+y^2\)
\(=8^2+2.8.y+y^2\)
\(=\left(8+y\right)^2\)