a) Để \(\overrightarrow u = \overrightarrow v \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2a - 1 = 3\\ - 3 = 4b + 1\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 2\\b = - 1\end{array} \right.\)
Vậy \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 2\\b = - 1\end{array} \right.\) thì \(\overrightarrow u = \overrightarrow v \)
b) \(\overrightarrow x = \overrightarrow y \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a + b = 2a - 3\\ - 2a + 3b = 4b\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 1\\b = - 2\end{array} \right.\)
Vậy \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 1\\b = - 2\end{array} \right.\) thì \(\overrightarrow x = \overrightarrow y \)