a. y3 - y2 - 21y +45 = 0
⇔y3+5y2-6y2-30y+9y+45=0
⇔(y3+5y2)-(6y2+30y)+(9y+45)=0
⇔y2(y+5)-6y(y+5)+9(y+5)=0
⇔(y+5)(y2-6y+9)=0
⇔(y+5)(y-3)2=0
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y+5=0\\\left(y-3\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-5\\y-3=0\Leftrightarrow y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy s={-5;-3}