Dạng 5: Phối hợp nhiều phương pháp
Bài 3: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a) 4x - 4y + x^2 - 2xy + y^2;
b) x^4 - 4x^3 - 8x^2 + 8x;
c) x^3 + x^2 - 4x - 4;
d) x^4 - x^2 + 2x - 1;
e) x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1;
f) x^3 - 4x^2 + 4x - 1;
Bài 4: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a) x^3 + x^2y - xy^2 - y^3;
b) x^2y^2 + 1 - x^2 - y^2;
c) x^2 - y^2 - 4x + 4y;
d) x^2 - y^2 - 2x - 2y;
e) x^2 - y^2 - 2x - 2y;
f) x^3 - y^3 - 3x + 3y;
Bài 5: Tìm x biết
a) x^3 - x^2 - x + 1 = 0;
b) (2x^3 - 3)^2 - (4x^2 - 9) = 0;
c) x^4 + 2x^3 - 6x - 9 = 0;
d) 2(x+5) - x^2 - 5x = 0;
Bài 4 :
a) \(x^3+x^2y-xy^2-y^3=x^2\left(x+y\right)-y^2\left(x+y\right)=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)^2\)
b)\(x^2y^2+1-x^2-y^2=\left(x^2y^2-x^2\right)-\left(y^2-1\right)=x^2\left(y^2-1\right)-\left(y^2-1\right)=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(y^2-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
c) \(x^2-y^2-4x+4y=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(4x-4y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-4\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-4\right)\)
d)
\(x^2-y^2-2x-2y=\)\(\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(2x+2y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)
e) Trùng câu d
f) \(x^3-y^3-3x+3y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)-3\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2-3\right)\)
Bài 5:
a) \(x^3-x^2-x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
b) Sửa đề : \(\left(2x-3\right)^2-\left(4x^2-9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2-\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x-3-2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right)\left(-6\right)=0\)\
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-3=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{9}{2}\)
vậy........
c) \(x^4+2x^3-6x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-9\right)+\left(2x^3-6x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3\right)\left(x^2+3\right)+2x\left(x^2-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3\right)\left(x^2+2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2=3\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy
d) \(2\left(x+5\right)-x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2-x=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ........
