\(\overrightarrow {MD} + \overrightarrow {ME} + \overrightarrow {MF} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MO} + \overrightarrow {OD} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MO} + \overrightarrow {OE} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MO} + \overrightarrow {OF} } \right)\)
Qua M kẻ các đường thẳng \({M_1}{M_2}//AB;{M_3}{M_4}//AC;{M_5}{M_6}//BC\)
Từ đó ta có: \(\widehat {M{M_1}{M_6}} = \widehat {M{M_6}{M_1}} = \widehat {M{M_4}{M_2}} = \widehat {M{M_2}{M_4}} = \widehat {M{M_3}{M_5}} = \widehat {M{M_5}{M_3}} = 60^\circ \)
Suy ra các tam giác \(\Delta M{M_3}{M_5},\Delta M{M_1}{M_6},\Delta M{M_2}{M_4}\) đều
Áp dụng tính chất trung tuyến \(\overrightarrow {AM} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AC} } \right)\)(với M là trung điểm của BC) ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {ME} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_1}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_6}} } \right);\overrightarrow {MD} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_2}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_4}} } \right);\overrightarrow {MF} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_3}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_5}} } \right)\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {MD} + \overrightarrow {ME} + \overrightarrow {MF} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_2}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_4}} } \right) + \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_1}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_6}} } \right) + \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_3}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_5}} } \right)\)
Ta có: các tứ giác \(A{M_3}M{M_1};C{M_4}M{M_6};B{M_2}M{M_5}\) là hình bình hành
Áp dụng quy tắc hình bình hành ta có
\(\overrightarrow {MD} + \overrightarrow {ME} + \overrightarrow {MF} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_2}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_4}} } \right) + \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_1}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_6}} } \right) + \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_3}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_5}} } \right)\)
\( = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_1}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_3}} } \right) + \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_2}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_5}} } \right) + \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {M{M_4}} + \overrightarrow {M{M_6}} } \right)\)
\( = \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {MA} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {MB} + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {MC} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MC} } \right)\)
\( = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\left( {\overrightarrow {MO} + \overrightarrow {OA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MO} + \overrightarrow {OB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MO} + \overrightarrow {OC} } \right)} \right)\)
\( = \frac{1}{2}\left( {3\overrightarrow {MO} + \left( {\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {MC} } \right)} \right) = \frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow {MO} \) (đpcm)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {MD} + \overrightarrow {ME} + \overrightarrow {MF} = \frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow {MO} \)