\(x^2+5x-3=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=\dfrac{-b}{a}=-5\\x_1x_2=\dfrac{c}{a}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x_1}+\dfrac{1}{x_2}=\dfrac{x_1+x_2}{x_1x_2}=\dfrac{-5}{-3}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(x_1^2+x_2^2=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1x_2=\left(-5\right)^2-2.\left(-3\right)=31\)