Lời giải:
a) Áp dụng định lý Pitago: $BC=\sqrt{AB^2+AC^2}=20$ (cm)
Theo tính chất đường phân giác:
$\frac{BD}{CD}=\frac{AB}{AC}=\frac{12}{16}=\frac{3}{4}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{BD}{BC}=\frac{3}{7}\Rightarrow BD=BC.\frac{3}{7}=20.\frac{3}{7}=\frac{60}{7}$ (cm)
$CD=BC-BD=\frac{80}{7}$ (cm)
b)
$AH=\frac{2S_{ABC}}{BC}=\frac{AB.AC}{BC}=\frac{12.16}{20}=9,6$ (cm)
$BH=\sqrt{AB^2-AH^2}=\sqrt{12^2-9,6^2}=7,2$ (cm)
$HD=BD-BH=\frac{60}{7}-7,2=\frac{48}{35}$ (cm)
$AD=\sqrt{AH^2+HD^2}=\sqrt{9,6^2+(\frac{48}{35})^2}=\frac{48\sqrt{2}}{7}$ (cm)