nH2=\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
pt(1) : Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
npứ : x \(\rightarrow\) x
=> mFe=56x
pt(2) : 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
npứ :y \(\rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{3}{2}y\)
=> mAl=27y
mà mFe + mAl = 7,8g
=>56x +27y =7,8g (1)
tổng số mol H2=0,3mol
=> x+\(\dfrac{3}{2}y\) =0,3mol(2)
từ 1và 2 ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=7,8\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{95}\\y=\dfrac{3}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>mFe=6/95.56=336/95g
mAl=3/19.27 =81/19g
từ pt1=>nH2SO4=nFe=6/95mol
từ pt2=>nH2SO4=nAl=3/19mol
nH2SO4 2pt=6/95+3/19=21/95mol
mH2SO4=21/95.98=2058/95g
mddH2SO4=\(\dfrac{\dfrac{2058}{95}.100\%}{10\%}\simeq216,63g\)
a) Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2 (1)
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (2)
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,3\times2=0,6\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(x,y\) lần lượt là số mol của Fe và Al
Theo PT1: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}y=1,5y\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=7,8\\x+1,5y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{95}\\y=\dfrac{3}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{95}\left(mol\right)\) và \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{19}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{95}\times56=3,54\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{19}\times27=4,26\left(g\right)\)
c)Theo PT1: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{95}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}\times\dfrac{3}{19}=\dfrac{9}{38}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{6}{95}+\dfrac{9}{38}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\times98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{10\%}=294\left(g\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=m_{hh}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=7,8+294-0,6=301,2\left(g\right)\)
Dung dịch sau phản ứng gồm: FeSO4 và Al2(SO4)3
Theo PT1: \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{95}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{6}{95}\times152=9,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times\dfrac{3}{19}=\dfrac{3}{38}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{3}{38}\times342=27\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{ct}=9,6+27=36,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{dd}sapư=\dfrac{36,6}{301,2}\times100\%=12,15\%\)