Bài 2. Các phép biến đổi lượng giác

Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có :

\(\begin{array}{l}B = \cos \frac{{3\alpha }}{2}.\cos \frac{\alpha }{2} = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {\frac{{3\alpha }}{2} + \frac{\alpha }{2}} \right) + \cos \left( {\frac{{3\alpha }}{2} - \frac{\alpha }{2}} \right)} \right]\\ = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos (2\alpha ) + \cos \alpha } \right] = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {2.{{\cos }^2}\alpha  - 1 + \cos \alpha } \right] = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {2.{{\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)}^2} - 1 + \frac{2}{3}} \right] = \frac{5}{{18}}\end{array}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

\(\begin{array}{l}1.\,\,\,\,\cos a.\cos b = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {a + b} \right) + \cos \left( {a - b} \right)} \right] \Leftrightarrow 2\cos a.\cos b = \cos \left( {a + b} \right) + \cos \left( {a - b} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow 2\cos \frac{{u + v}}{2}.\cos \frac{{u - v}}{2} = \cos u + \cos v\\2.\,\,\,\,\sin a.\sin b =  - \frac{1}{2}.\left[ {\cos \left( {a + b} \right) - \cos \left( {a - b} \right)} \right] \Leftrightarrow  - 2.\sin a.\sin b = \cos \left( {a + b} \right) - \cos \left( {a - b} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow  - 2.\sin \frac{{u + v}}{2}.\sin \frac{{u - v}}{2} = \cos u - \cos v\\3.\,\,\,\,\sin a.\cos b = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\sin \left( {a + b} \right) + \sin \left( {a - b} \right)} \right] \Leftrightarrow 2\sin a.\cos b = \sin \left( {a + b} \right) + \sin \left( {a - b} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow 2\sin \frac{{u + v}}{2}.\cos \frac{{u - v}}{2} = \sin u + \sin v\\4.\,\,\,\,\sin \left( {a + b} \right) - \sin \left( {a - b} \right) = \sin a.\cos b + \cos a.\sin b - \sin a.\cos b + \cos a.\sin b = 2\cos a.\sin b\\ \Leftrightarrow \sin u - \sin v = 2.\cos \frac{{u + v}}{2}.\sin \frac{{u - v}}{2}\end{array}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có:

\(D = \frac{{\sin \frac{{7\pi }}{9} + \sin \frac{\pi }{9}}}{{\cos \frac{{7\pi }}{9} - \cos \frac{\pi }{9}}} = \frac{{2.\sin \left( {\frac{{\frac{{7\pi }}{9} + \frac{\pi }{9}}}{2}} \right).\cos \left( {\frac{{\frac{{7\pi }}{9} - \frac{\pi }{9}}}{2}} \right)}}{{ - 2.\sin \left( {\frac{{\frac{{7\pi }}{9} + \frac{\pi }{9}}}{2}} \right).\sin \left( {\frac{{\frac{{7\pi }}{9} - \frac{\pi }{9}}}{2}} \right)}} = -\cot \frac{\pi }{3} = -\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có:

\({\cos ^2}a + {\sin ^2}a = 1 \Rightarrow \sin a =  \pm \frac{4}{5}\)

Do \(0 < a < \frac{\pi }{2} \Leftrightarrow \sin a = \frac{4}{5}\)

\(\tan a = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} = \frac{4}{3}\)

Ta có;

\(\begin{array}{l}\sin \left( {a + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \sin a.\cos \frac{\pi }{6} + \cos a.\sin \frac{\pi }{6} = \frac{4}{5}.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} + \frac{3}{5}.\frac{1}{2} = \frac{{3 + 4\sqrt 3 }}{{10}}\\\cos \left( {a - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = \cos a.\cos \frac{\pi }{3} + \sin a.\sin \frac{\pi }{3} = \frac{3}{5}.\frac{1}{2} + \frac{4}{5}.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} = \frac{{3 + 4\sqrt 3 }}{{10}}\\\tan \left( {a + \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \frac{{\tan a + \tan \frac{\pi }{4}}}{{1 - \tan a.tan\frac{\pi }{4}}} = \frac{{\frac{4}{3} + 1}}{{1 - \frac{4}{3}}} =  - 7\end{array}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

\(\begin{array}{l}A = \sin \left( {a - 17^\circ } \right)\cos \left( {a + 13^\circ } \right) - \sin \left( {a + 13^\circ } \right)\cos \left( {a - 17^\circ } \right)\\A = \sin \left( {a - 17^\circ  - a - 13^\circ } \right) = \sin \left( { - 30^\circ } \right) =  - \frac{1}{2}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}B = \cos \left( {b + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{6} - b} \right) - \sin \left( {b + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)\sin \left( {\frac{\pi }{6} - b} \right)\\B = \cos \left( {b + \frac{\pi }{3} + \frac{\pi }{6} - b} \right) = \cos \frac{\pi }{2} = 0\end{array}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có:

 \(\begin{array}{l}2a = \left( {a + b} \right) + \left( {a - b} \right) \Rightarrow \tan 2a = \tan \left[ {\left( {a + b} \right) + \left( {a - b} \right)} \right]\\2b = \left( {a + b} \right) - \left( {a - b} \right) \Rightarrow \tan 2b = \tan \left[ {\left( {a + b} \right) - \left( {a - b} \right)} \right]\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\tan \left[ {\left( {a + b} \right) + \left( {a - b} \right)} \right] = \frac{{\tan \left( {a + b} \right) + \tan \left( {a - b} \right)}}{{1 - \tan \left( {a + b} \right).\tan \left( {a - b} \right)}} = \frac{{3 + 2}}{{1 - 3.2}} =  - 1\\\tan \left[ {\left( {a + b} \right) - \left( {a - b} \right)} \right] = \frac{{\tan \left( {a + b} \right) - \tan \left( {a - b} \right)}}{{1 + \tan \left( {a + b} \right).\tan \left( {a - b} \right)}} = \frac{{3 - 2}}{{1 + 3.2}} = \frac{1}{7}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(\tan 2a =  - 1,\,\,\,\tan 2b = \frac{1}{7}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có:

\({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a = 1 \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\frac{2}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right)^2} + {\cos ^2}a = 1 \Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}a = \frac{1}{5}\)

\(\cos 2a = {\cos ^2}a - {\sin ^2}a = \frac{1}{5} - {\left( {\frac{2}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right)^2} =  - \frac{3}{5}\)

Ta có:

\({\cos ^2}2a + {\sin ^2}2a = 1 \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{5}} \right)^2} + {\sin ^2}2a = 1 \Leftrightarrow {\sin ^2}2a = \frac{{16}}{{25}}\)

\(\cos 4a = \cos 2.2a = {\cos ^2}2a - {\sin ^2}2a = {\left( { - \frac{3}{5}} \right)^2} - \frac{{16}}{{25}} =  - \frac{7}{{25}}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

\(\sin a + \cos a = 1 \Rightarrow {\left( {\sin a + \cos a} \right)^2} = 1 \)

\(\Leftrightarrow {\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2} + 2\sin a\cos a = 1 \Leftrightarrow 1 + \sin 2a = 1\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow \sin 2a = 0\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

\(\begin{array}{l}\cos 2a = \frac{1}{3} \Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}a - {\sin ^2}a = \frac{1}{3}\,\,\left( 1 \right)\\{\cos ^2}a + {\sin ^2}a = 1\,\,\,\,\left( 2 \right)\end{array}\)

Từ (1) và (2) \( \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}a = \frac{2}{3}\\{\sin ^2}a = \frac{1}{3}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\cos a =  \pm \frac{{\sqrt 6 }}{3}\\\sin a =  \pm \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\end{array} \right.\)

Do \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \pi \)\( \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\cos a = \frac{{-\sqrt 6 }}{3}\\\sin a =  \ \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\end{array} \right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \tan a = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} =  - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\)

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Hướng dẫn giải

\(\begin{array}{l}A = \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)\cos \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6} + x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) + \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{6} - x + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right)} \right]\\A = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos 2x + \cos \frac{\pi }{3}} \right] = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{2}} \right) = \frac{3}{8}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}B = \sin \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)\sin \left( {x - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) =  - \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{3} + x - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) - \cos \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{3} - x + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)} \right]\\B =  - \frac{1}{2}\left( {\cos 2x - \cos \frac{{2\pi }}{3}} \right) =  - \frac{1}{2}\left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{2}} \right) =  - \frac{3}{8}\end{array}\)

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