Question

Tính biểu thức sau bằng cách nhanh chóng:

\(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)

Answer 1

Ta có: \(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)

Vậy...

Answer 2

Ta nhận thấy:

\(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{3-1}{1.2.3}=\frac{2}{1.2.3}\)

\(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}=\frac{4-2}{2.3.4}=\frac{2}{2.3.4}\)

Vậy \(\frac{1}{1.2.3}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right),\frac{1}{2.3.4}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right),...\\ \frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right).\)

Cộng các số hạng của vế trái và các số hạng của vế phải, ta được:

\(S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right)+...+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)