a) \(\left(-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{3x-1}=\dfrac{256}{81}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^{3x-1}}{4^{3x-1}}=\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{3x-1}=\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-1=-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=-4+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy \(x=-1\)