\(M=\frac{12x+3}{3\left(x^2+3\right)}=\frac{4\left(x^2+3\right)-4x^2+12x-9}{3\left(x^2+3\right)}=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{\left(2x-3\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+3\right)}\le\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{max}=\frac{4}{3}\) khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(M=\frac{-\left(x^2+3\right)+x^2+4x+4}{x^2+3}=-1+\frac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x^2+3}\ge-1\)
\(M_{min}=-1\) khi \(x=-2\)