a/ \(\dfrac{x^3}{x^2+1975}\cdot\dfrac{2x+1954}{x+1}+\dfrac{x^3}{x^2+1975}\cdot\dfrac{21-x}{x+1}=\dfrac{x^3\left(2x+1954\right)+x^3\left(21-x\right)}{\left(x^2+1975\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x^4+1954x^3+21x^3-x^4}{\left(x^2+1975\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x^4+1975x^3}{\left(x^2+1975\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
b/ \(\dfrac{19x+8}{x-7}\cdot\dfrac{5x-9}{x+1945}+\dfrac{19x+8}{x^2+1945}\cdot\dfrac{x-2}{x-7}=\dfrac{\left(19x+8\right)\left(5x-9\right)+\left(19x+8\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-7\right)\left(x+1945\right)}=\dfrac{\left(19x+8\right)\left(5x-9+x-2\right)}{\left(x-7\right)\left(x+1945\right)}=\dfrac{114x^2-209x+40x-88}{\left(x-7\right)\left(x+1945\right)}=\dfrac{114x^2-169x-88}{x^2+1938x-13615}\)
c/ \(\dfrac{x+1}{x^2-2x-8}\cdot\dfrac{4-x}{x^2+x}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)}{x\left[x^2-4x+2x-8\right]\left(x+1\right)}=-\dfrac{x-4}{x\left(x-4\right)+2\left(x-4\right)}=-\dfrac{x-4}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+2\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{x+2}\)