Gsu HX là axit yếu
PT: HX ⇌ H+ + X-
nbđ Ca
npli x--->x---->x
cb (Ca-x) x x
=> Ka=\(\frac{\left[H^+\right].\left[X^-\right]}{\left[HX\right]}=\frac{x.x}{C_a-x}=\frac{x^2}{C_a-x}\)
Vì x<<Ca=> Ca-x≃Ca
=> Ka=\(\frac{x^2}{C_a-x}=\frac{x^2}{C_a}\)=> x=\(\sqrt{C_a.K_a}\)
mà x=[H+]
=>pH=-log[H+]=-logx=-log\(\sqrt{C_a.K_a}\)=-(log\(\sqrt{C_a}\)+log\(\sqrt{K_a}\))
=\(-\frac{1}{2}logC_a-\frac{1}{2}logK_a\)