a: Ta có: \(x^3-2x^2y-4x+8y\)
\(=x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)-2y\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2y\right)\)
b: Ta có: \(a^2x^2-a^2y^2-b^2x^2+b^2y^2\)
\(=a^2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-b^2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)