\(4x^4+4x^3-x^2-x\)
\(=4x^3\left(x+1\right)-x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(4x^2-1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(x^6-x^4-9x^3+9x^2\)
\(=x^2\left(x^4-x^2\right)-x^2\left(9x-9\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x^4-x^2-9x+9\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x^4+x^3-9x-x^3-x^2+9\right)\)
\(=x^2\left[x\left(x^3+x^2-9\right)-\left(x^3+x^2-9\right)\right]\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2-9\right)\)
\(x^4-4x^3+8x^2-16x+16\)
\(=x^4-4x^3+4x^2+4x^2-16x+16\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)\)