\(4x^3+4x^4-x^2-x\)
\(=4x^3\left(x+1\right)-x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(4x^3-1\right)\)
\(4x^3+4x^4-x^2-x\)
\(=\left(4x^4+4x^3+x^2\right)+2\left(2x^2+x\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2x^2+x\right)^2+2\left(2x^2+x\right)+1\)
\(=\left(2x^2+x+1\right)^2\)