Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses.
1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.
4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.
5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
=> The word astronaut, formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
(Từ phi hành gia, được hình thành từ hai từ tiếng Hy Lạp, có nghĩa là 'thủy thủ ngôi sao'.)
2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
=> Only flights reaching an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
(Chỉ những chuyến bay đạt độ cao từ 100 km trở lên mới được coi là chuyến bay vào vũ trụ.)
3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.
=> NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme to complete after twenty months.
(Những phi hành gia của NASA được giao một chương trình huấn luyện khó khăn để hoàn thành sau hai mươi tháng.)
4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.
=> Astronauts spending long periods in space do exercises designed to keep them strong.
(Các phi hành gia dành thời gian dài trong không gian để thực hiện các bài tập nhằm giúp họ khỏe mạnh.)
5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
=> Spacecraft intending to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
(Tàu vũ trụ muốn thoát khỏi lực hấp dẫn của Trái đất cần đạt tốc độ khoảng 40.000 km/h.)
6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
=> The film Apollo 13, made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
(Bộ phim Apollo 13 được sản xuất năm 1995 là một bộ phim về du hành vũ trụ rất thú vị nên xem.)