a)
\(n_{HCl} = 0,35.2 = 0,7(mol)\\ n_{Mg} = a\ mol ; n_{Al} = b\ mol\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=7,5\\2a+3b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(gam\right)\\m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(gam\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl2}=a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl3}=b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl2}=0,2.95=19\left(gam\right)\\m_{AlCl3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(gam\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Gọi nMg = a; nAl = b (mol)
⇒ 24a + 27b = 7,5 (1)
nHCl = 0.7 (mol)
Mg0 → Mg+2 + 2e
a ..................... 2a
Al0 → Al+3 + 3e
b .................... 3b
2H+ + 2e → H20
0,7 .... 0,7
⇒ 2a + 3b = 0,7 (2)
Từ (1), (2) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\\n_{Al}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ mMg = 4.8 (g)
và mAl = 2.7 (g)
b, nmagie clorua = nMg = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ mmagie clorua = 19 (g)
nnhôm clorua = nAl = 0,1 (mol)
⇒ mnhôm clorua = 13,35 (g)
mhỗn hợp muối sau phản ứng = 13, 35 + 19 = 32, 25 (g)