\(x^4+x^3+x+1\)
\(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
a) \(=x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
b) \(=z\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(z-5\right)\)
c) \(=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x-5\right)\)
d) \(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-4\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
e) \(=x^2\left(x-5\right)-9\left(x-5\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2-9\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
f) \(=x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)