a) Sửa đề
\(\left(x+1\right)^4-\left(x-3\right)^4=82\)
Đặt x - 1 = a
\(\left(a+2\right)^4-\left(a-2\right)^4=82\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a+2\right)^2\right]^2-\left[\left(a-2\right)^2\right]^2=82\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+4a+4\right)^2-\left(a^2-4a+4\right)^2=82\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+4\right)^2+8a\left(a^2+4\right)+16a^2+\left(a^2+4\right)^2-8a\left(a^2+4\right)+16a^2=82\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+4\right)^2+16a^2=41\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+8a^2+16+16a^2=41\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+24a^2=25\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+24a^2-25=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4-a^2+25a^2-25=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2\left(a^2-1\right)+25\left(a^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+25\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2+25\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-1=0\\a+1=0\\a^2+25=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-1\\a^2=-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do a2= -25 không tồn tại
Vậy a = 1 ; a = -1
b) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)=24\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\right]=24\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)=24\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)^2-\left(3x\right)^2=24\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4+4x^2+4-9x^2-24=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4-5x^2-20=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2\right)^2-2.x^2\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}-\dfrac{25}{4}-20=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{105}{4}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{105}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{105}}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{105}}{2}\\x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{105}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{105}}{2}\\x^2=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{105}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
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