\(4Al+3O2-->2Al2O3\)
\(2Mg+O2-->2MgO\)
\(n_{O2}=\frac{16,8}{22,4}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\frac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O2\left(1\right)}=\frac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O2\left(2\right)}=0,75-0,375=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=2n_{O2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,75.24=18\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\frac{13,5}{13,5+18}.100\%=42,86\%\)