Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2-2\sqrt{ab}+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi a = b.
Cauchy-shwarz:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a}+\dfrac{y^2}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bx^2\left(a+b\right)+ay^2\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abx^2-abx^2\right)+\left(aby^2-aby^2\right)+\left(bx\right)^2-2bxay+\left(ay\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx-ay\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(bx=ay\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}\)
