a) x^2 + y^2
= (x+y)^2 - 2xy
= a^2 - 2b
b) x^3 + y^3
= (x+y)(x^2 + y^2 + xy)
= a(a^2 - 2b + b) (câu a))
= a(a^2 - b)
c) x^4 + y^4
= (x^2 + y^2)^2 - 2.x^2.y^2
= (x^2 + y^2)^2 - 2(xy)^2
= (a^2 - 2b)^2 - 2b^2
= a^4 + 4b^2 - 4.a^2.b - 2b^2
= a^4 + 2b^2 - 4.a^2.b