\(P-4=x-3y\Rightarrow\left(P-4\right)^2=\left(5.\frac{x}{5}+\left(-12\right).\frac{y}{4}\right)^2\le\left(5^2+12^2\right)\left(\frac{x^2}{25}+\frac{y^2}{16}\right)=13^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-13\le P-4\le13\)
\(\Rightarrow-9\le P\le17\)
\(P_{max}=17\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{25}{13}\\y=-\frac{48}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P_{min}=-9\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\frac{25}{13}\\y=\frac{48}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)
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