\(n_{HCl}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5a=0,25a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,25a.80\%=0,2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{giảm}=m_O=40-36,8=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_O=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow0,2a=0,1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)