\(2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
nAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
nH2SO4=1,35.0,2=0,27 mol
\(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,27}{3}\) nên Nhôm sẽ dư !
nAldư= \(0,2-\dfrac{0,27}{3}.2=0,02mol\)
khối lượng Nhôm dư:0,02.27=0,54gam
nH2=nH2SO4= 0,27 mol
VH2=0,27.22,4=6,048 lít
nAl2(SO4)3=0,27/3=0,09 mol
CM=n/V = 0,09/0,2=0,45M
Ta có pthh
2Al + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a,Theo đề bài ta có
Vdd=200ml=0,2 l
nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
nct=nH2SO4=CM.V=1,35.0,2=0,27 mol
Theo pthh
nAl=\(\dfrac{0,2}{2}mol>nH2SO4=\dfrac{0,27}{2}mol\)
-> Số mol của Al dư , kim loại dư sau phản ứng , chất dư sau phản ứng là nhôm (Al)
Theo pthh
nAl=2/3nH2SO4=2/3.0,27=0,18 mol
-> mAl(dư) = (0,2-0,18).27=0,54 g
b,Theo pthh
nH2=nH2SO4=0,27 mol
-> VH2(đktc) =0,27.22,4=6,048 l
c, Theo pthh
nAl2(SO4)3 = 1/3nH2SO4=1/3.0,27 = 0,09 mol
-> CM\(_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,09}{0,2}=0,45M\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=C_M.V=1,35\cdot0,2=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\)
\(\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{3}=\dfrac{0,27}{3}=0,09\)
Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{n_{Al}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{3}\left(0,1>0,09\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Al dư sau khi phản ứng kết ứng
\(n_{Alpư}=n_{H_2SO_4}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}=0,27\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Aldư}=n_{Albđ}-n_{Alpu}=0,2-0,18=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Aldu}=n\cdot M=0,02\cdot27=0,54\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n\cdot22,4=0,27\cdot22,4=6,048\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{H_2SO_4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}=0,27\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,09}{0,2}=0,45\left(M\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=200\left(ml\right)=0,2\left(l\right)\\ =>n_{H_2SO_4}=1,35.0,2=0,27\left(mol\right)\\ =>\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,27}{3}\)
=> Al dư, H2SO4 hết nên tính theo H2SO4.
=> \(n_{Al\left(f.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{2.0,27}{3}=0,18\left(mol\right)\\ =>n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,18=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ =>m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,02.27=0,54\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,27\left(mol\right)\\ =>V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,27.22,4=6,048\left(l\right)\)
c, - Chất có trong dd tạo thành là Al2(SO4)3.
Ta có: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,27}{3}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=V_{ddH_2SO_4}=200\left(ml\right)=0,2\left(l\right)\\ =>C_{MddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,09}{0,2}=0,45\left(M\right)\)