(1) \(K\overset{+7}{Mn}O_4+H\overset{-1}{Cl}\rightarrow KCl+\overset{+2}{Mn}Cl_2+\overset{0}{Cl_2}+H_2O\)
- Chất khử: HCl
Chất oxh: KMnO4
- Sự oxh: \(2Cl^{-1}\rightarrow Cl_2^0+2e|\times5\)
Sự khử: \(Mn^{+7}+5e\rightarrow Mn^{+2}|\times2\)
\(\rightarrow2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
(2) \(H\overset{+5}{N}O_3+\overset{0}{Cu}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{Cu}\left(NO_3\right)_2+\overset{+4}{N}O_2+H_2O\)
- Chất khử: Cu
Chất oxh: HNO3
- Sự khử: \(N^{+5}+1e\rightarrow N^{+4}|\times2\)
Sự oxh: \(Cu^0\rightarrow Cu^{+2}+2e|\times1\)
\(\rightarrow4HNO_3+Cu\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NO_2+2H_2O\)
(3) \(\overset{-3}{N}H_3+\overset{0}{O_2}\rightarrow\overset{+2}{N}\overset{-2}{O}+H_2O\)
- Chất khử: NH3
Chất oxh: O2
- Sự khử: \(O_2^0+4e\rightarrow2O^{-2}|\times5\)
Sự oxh: \(N^{-3}\rightarrow N^{+2}+5e|\times4\)
\(\rightarrow4NH_3+5O_2\rightarrow4NO+6H_2O\)