\(a,=\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1\right)\\ b,=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\\ =\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}-2\right)\\ c,=x\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
\(a,=\dfrac{\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(5+2\sqrt{5}\right)}{4}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}}{5}\\ =\dfrac{5-2\sqrt{5}}{4}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}}{5}\\ =\dfrac{25-10\sqrt{5}+8\sqrt{5}}{20}=\dfrac{25-2\sqrt{5}}{20}\\ b,=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2-4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\\ c,=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1\\ d,=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{x+1}{1-x}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{x}-1-x-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-x-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
