\(a,\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{60}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{30+60-28}=\dfrac{186}{62}=3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=45\\y=60\\z=84\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\) Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}=k\Rightarrow x=3k;y=5k;z=7k\)
\(xy=60\Rightarrow15k^2=60\Rightarrow k^2=4\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=2\\k=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6;y=10;z=14\\x=-6;y=-10;z=-14\end{matrix}\right.\)