Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         Early peoples had no need of engineering works to supply their water. Hunters and nomads camped near natural sources of fresh water, and populations were so sparse that pollution of the water supply was not a serious problem. After community life developed and agricultural villages became urban centres, the problem of supplying water became important for inhabitants of a city, as well as for irrigation of the farms surrounding the city. Irrigation works were known in prehistoric times, and before 2000 BC the rulers of Babylonia and Egypt constructed systems of dams and canals to impound the flood waters of the Euphrates and Nile rivers, controlling floods and providing irrigation water throughout the dry season. Such irrigation canals also supplied water for domestic purposes. The first people to consider the sanitation of their water supply were the ancient Romans, who constructed a vast system of aqueducts to bring the clean waters of the Apennine Mountains into the city and built basins and filters along these mains to ensure the clarity of the water. The construction of such extensive water-supply systems declined when the Roman Empire disintegrated, and for several centuries local springs and wells formed the main source of domestic and industrial water.
          The invention of the force pump in England in the middle of the 16th century greatly extended the possibilities of development of water-supply systems. In London, the first pumping waterworks was completed in 1562; it pumped river water to a reservoir about 37 m above the level of the River Thames and from the reservoir the water was distributed by gravity, through lead pipes, to buildings in the vicinity.
Increased per-capita demand has coincided with water shortages in many countries. Southeast England, for example, receives only 14 per cent of Britain's rainfall, has 30 per cent of its population, and has experienced declining winter rainfall since the 1980s.
          In recent years a great deal of interest has been shown in the conversion of seawater to fresh water to provide drinking water for very dry areas, such as the Middle East. Several different processes, including distillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and direct-freeze evaporation, have been developed for this purpose. Some of these processes have been used in large facilities in the United States. Although these processes are successful, the cost of treating seawater is much higher than that for treating fresh water

Clean water supply was first taken into consideration by ______.

A. the Egyptians  

B. the US people  

C. the English people     

D. the ancient Romans

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.

In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.

While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterature societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.

In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic: the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals: it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

Question 45. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?

A. It is an ideal that can never be achieved

B. It was confined to prehistoric times

C. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate

D. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills

According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?

A. To get rewards for themselves

B. To defeat a common enemy

C. To experience the satisfaction of cooperation

D. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

It is relatively easy to identify the symptoms of the peculiar disease.

A. evidently

B. absolutely

C. comparatively

D. obviously

\(\dfrac{73}{40}\): (\(\dfrac{7}{12}\)+\(\dfrac{94}{15}\))

= \(\dfrac{73}{40}\):(\(\dfrac{35}{60}\)+\(\dfrac{376}{60}\))

= \(\dfrac{73}{40}\):\(\dfrac{137}{20}\)

= \(\dfrac{73}{40}\). \(\dfrac{20}{137}\)

= \(\dfrac{73.20}{40.137}\)

= \(\dfrac{73}{274}\)

Dung dịch chất nào sau đây làm quỳ tím chuyển màu xanh?

A. Etylamin

B. axit glutamic

C. Alanin

D. Anilin

Tài nguyên nào không phải là tài nguyên năng lượng vĩnh cửu?

A. Bức xạ mặt trời

B. Năng lượng gió

C. Năng lượng thuỷ triều

D. Dầu lửa