Urban populations interact with their environment. Urban people change their environment through their consumption of food, energy, water, and land. And in turn, the polluted urban environment affects the health and quality of life of the urban population. People who live in urban areas have very different consumption patterns than residents in rural areas. For example, urban populations consume much more food, energy, and durable goods than rural populations. In China during the 1970s, the urban populations consumed twice as much pork as the rural populations who were raising the pigs. With economic development, the difference in consumption declined as the rural populations ate better diets. But even a decade later, urban populations had 60 percent more pork in their diets than rural populations. The increasing consumption of meat is a sign of growing affluence in Beijing; in India where many urban residents are vegetarians, greater prosperity is seen in higher consumption of milk.

Urban populations not only consume more food, but they also consume more durable goods. In the early 1990s, Chinese households in urban areas were two times more likely to have a TV, eight times more likely to have a washing machine, and 25 times more likely to have a refrigerator than rural households. This increased consumption is a function of urban labor markets, wages, and household structure.

Urban consumption of energy helps create heat islands that can change local weather patterns and weather downwind from the heat islands. The heat island phenomenon is created because cities radiate heat back into the atmosphere at rate 15 percent to 30 percent less than rural areas. The combination of the increased energy consumption and difference in albedo (radiation) means that cities are warmer than rural areas (0.6 to 1.3 C). And these heat islands become traps for atmospheric pollutants. Cloudiness and fog occur with greater frequency. Precipitation is 5 percent to 10 percent higher in cities; thunderstorms and hailstorms are much more frequent, but snow days in cities are less common.

Urbanization also affects the broader regional environments. Regions downwind from large industrial complexes also see increases in the amount of precipitation, air pollution, and the number of days with thunderstorms. Urban areas affect not only the weather patterns, but also the runoff patterns for water. Urban areas generally generate more rain, but they reduce the infiltration of water and lower the water tables. This means that runoff occurs more rapidly with greater peak flows. Flood volumes increase, as do floods and water pollution downstream.

Many of the effects of urban areas on the environment are not necessarily linear. Bigger urban areas do not always create more environmental problems. And small urban areas can cause large problems. Much of what determines the extent of the environmental impacts is how the urban populations behave - their consumption and living patterns - not just how large they are.

(Source: https://www.prb.org)

Question 86: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. The consumption of urban populations

B. The environmental effects of urbanization

C. The benefits and drawbacks of urbanization

D. The interaction of humans with environment

Question 87: Which of the following is TRUE about the food consumption of Chinese urban inhabitants?

A. People in urban areas ate less than those in rural areas in the past.

B. Urban civilians prefer more milk in their diets than pork.

C. People breeding the pigs in the past often had less pork in their diets than those in urban areas.

D. The pork consumption in urban areas has experienced a downward trend.

Question 88: The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to __________.

A. the urban residents'                                          B. the rural populations'

C. pigs’                                                                 D. Chinese citizens’

Question 89: According to paragraph 3, the following are mentioned as examples of durable goods, EXCEPT __________.

A. televisions                   B. washing machines   C. fridges                      D. generators

Question 90: What does the word "Precipitation" in paragraph 4 mean?

A. the amount of the rain fall                               B. the bad weather with strong wind and rain

C. the rain that contains harmful chemicals        D. air pollution

Question 91: The word "infiltration" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by __________.

A. penetration                  B. interruption             C. conservation             D. accumulation

Question 92: In which paragraph does the writer mention the temperature in urban areas is higher than that of rural ones?

A. Paragraph 3                 B. Paragraph 4             C. Paragraph 5              D. Paragraph 6

Question 93: What can be inferred in the last paragraph?

A. Human activities have directly impacts on how the environment changes.

B. There larger the urban areas are, the more complicated the environmental problems become.

C. People should not expand urban areas in order to protect the environment.

D. Global warming is the main factor that affects the environment.

1.    I managed to translate most of the letter for you, but I ________ stuck on one or two sentences.

       A. got                           B. get                            C. am getting              D. was getting

2.    The programme ________ at 11:15 when most people are at work.

       A. was broadcasting                                        B. was broadcasted

       C. broadcast                                                      D. was broadcast

3.    What’s worrying me is that it’s been two weeks since I ________ by a hamster and my arm is still swollen.

       A. was bitten               B. have been bitten    C. was bit                    D. have been bit

4.    The visitors ________ all the different ways of making brandy.

       A. had shown              B. showed                    C. were shown            D. has been shown

5.    He is the kind of person that will always ________ in most impossible ways.

       A. take advantage                                             B. take advantage of

       C. be taking advantage of                               D. be taken advantage of

6.    In my opinion we should react as soon as the plan ________ public. Waiting a day or two would put us in a rather awkward position.

       A. went                        B. will be made          C. has been made       D. had gone

7.    The parents’ representatives wanted to know why the schools ________ of the changes in the grading system.

       A. haven’t informed                                        B. hadn’t been informed

       C. weren’t informing                                       D. hadn’t informed

8.    I hope the committee will respect its own regulations which are quite clear on this point: no applications should be accepted after the list signed by the chairman ________ published.

       A. will be                     B. was                          C. will have been       D. has been

9.    Portland cement, when it ________ with water, ________ a paste that binds sand, gravel and stone into a rock-like mass called concrete.

       A. is combined - forms                                    B. has combined - is formed

       C. was combined - was formed                      D. will be combined - formed

10.  The twentieth century, now nearing its end, ________ the century when mankind ________ to realise that the Earth’s resources are limited.

       A. was - was coming                                        B. has been - has come

       C. will be - had come                                       D. had been - came

11.  Alsatians and boxers, ________ by professional trainers, can be both guard dogs and pets.

       A. if trained                                                       B. if will be trained   

       C. if are trained                                                D. if have been trained

12.  There were such a lot of different things to do at the resort where we b ________ our holiday that none of us ________.

       A. spend - are bored                                        B. were spending - bored

       C. spent - was bored                                        D. have spent - could be bored

13.  Cells ________ for the first time by the English scientist Robert Hooke, who, in 1665, ________ a book about his findings.

       A. were described - published

       B. would be described - could be published

       C. could be described - was published

       D. has described - had published

14.  Women ________ dress design until the last half of the 19th century.

       A. were dominated     B. dominated              C. have dominated     D. are dominating

15.  Judging from the speed of mechanization, it ________ that very few things in the world ________ by hand in the twenty-first century.

       A. has been predicted - will be making

       B. will be predicted - were made

       C. can be predicted - will be made

       D. is being predicted - have been made

16.  Considering the meagre resources we ________ with for the project, we ________ a wonderful job.

       A. will be provided - have done                     B. were provided - can do

       C. have been provided - used to do               D. had been provided - did

17.  Solutions to the problem of unemployment ________, but none of the measures that ________ so far has been very successful.

A. have sought - will be tried                                B. are being sought - have been tried         C. have been seeking - are tried                                   D. will be sought - have been trying

18.  Africa’s population growth rate is much higher than the world average and it ________ that, by the year 2050 Africa ________ for twenty-one percent of the world’s population.

       A. has estimated - accounts                            B. will be estimated - accounted

       C. is estimated - will account                         D. will have estimated - is accounting

19.  Following stricter “drink driving” regulations, the number of accidents which ________ drunk drivers ________ significantly.

       A. have been involved - is reduced               B. are involved - is reducing

       C. were involved - was reducing                   D. involve - has been reduced

20.  I wonder whether the hotel ________ us with towels or not.

       A. is provided             B. will provide            C. had provided         D. was provided

21.  The world’s first dental school, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, ________ by two Americans, Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris, in 1839.

       A. would have founded                                   B. was founding

       C. had founded                                                 D. was founded

22.  The works of Shakespeare ________ into every major language in the world.

       A. are going to translate                                  B. have been translated

       C. had translated                                              D. had been translating

23.  He ________ about this meeting for weeks, so I don’t know why he ________ anything for it yet.

       A. is known - isn’t preparing                         B. knew - hadn’t prepared

       C. has known - hasn’t prepared                     D. knows - didn’t prepare

24.  A place ________ for you, Madam, as soon as you ________ the deposit.

       A. will be reserved - have paid                      B. is reserved — had paid

       C. is reserving - Eire paid                               D. has been reserved - will pay

25.  There is no way you ________ all of your project in an hour, so you ________ the most important points and talk about those.

       A. should be covered - ought to choose        B. must cover - will be chosen

       C. can cover - had better choose                   D. ought to cover - have chosen

Hãy giải thích tại sao âm truyền được trong chất rắn, chất lỏng, chất khí mà không truyền được trong chân không? Lớp 7 Vật lý

2.    On the walls in Joanna’s room, there are a lot of _ _ _ t _ _ s of her favourite film and music stars.

3.    Children must be taught that sticking the tongue out at someone is a bad _ _ b _ _.

4.    I’m not crying. There are tears in my eyes because I’ve been _ _ _ p _ _ _ g onions.

5.    Good citizens are those who _ _ s _ _ _ t law.

6.    Irene is rather _ _ l _ _ l _ to win the competition. Biology is not her cup of tea.

7.    So many people arrived to see the film premiere that we had to stand in a long _ u _ _ _ to buy tickets.

8.    Unfortunately, the folk music festival has been _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ d due to little interest in it.