Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

Which of the following has the same meaning as "vista" in the fourth paragraph?'

A. support

B. prospect

C. history

D. visit

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.

What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.

Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.

These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms

The word "they" refers to ______.

A. rocks

B. shores

C. oceans

D. specimens

Hai nguyên tố X và Y cùng một chu kì trong bảng tuần hoàn các nguyên tố hóa học, X thuộc nhóm IIA, Y thuộc nhóm IIIA ( Z X + Z Y = 51 ). Phát biểu nào sau đây đúng

A. Kim loại X không khử được ion Cu²⁺ trong dung dịch

B. Hợp chất với oxi của X có dạng X₂O₇A. Kim loại X không khử được ion Cu²⁺ trong dung dịch

C. Trong nguyên tử nguyên tố X có 25 proton.

D. Ở nhiệt độ thường X không khử được H₂O

cái này là nhạc mà bạn, nhưng hoy, giúp nạ:

"Dòng sông xưa rừng táo trắng hoa nở đôi bờ . Lặng lờ trôi mặt nước đã loang sương mờ..." Những lời ca của bài hát Ca-chiu-sa khắc ghi vào tâm trí mỗi người hình ảnh xanh mướt của rừng táo nước Nga-đại diện cho vẻ đẹp tươi trẻ của những thiếu nữ mười tám-đôi mươi, cống hiến bản thân mình cho đất nước.

đến đây không biết được chưa, vì giờ mình đang khá bận nên viết được những gì mình nghĩ ra thôi, mong bạn thứ lỗi

Một học sinh khi quan sát sơ đồ bên dưới đã rút ra một số nhận xét như sau

:

1-Loài 2 không bị đột biến trong quá trình phát sinh các giao tử

2-Có thể đã xảy ra hai lần không hình thành thoi vô sắc trong quá trình phát sinh giao tử

3-Cá thể mang 3 đặc điểm của cả hai loài 1 và 2 nhưng thường bất thụ

4-Cá thể 4 có khả năng sinh sản hữu tính bình thường và được xem là loài mới

5-Cá thể 4 có kiểu gen đồng hợp về tất cả cặp gen

Số nhận xét chính xác là:

A. 2

B. 4

C. 3

D. 5

* Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

A. bad

B. fan

C. calm

D. cat

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Political and family values within society have impacted upon the modern family structure. Traditionally, it has been the man’s role to be the breadwinner for the family– providing the funds to pay for food and shelter.

However, due to the many new and unique responsibilities placed upon families, in numerous cases both men and women– fathers and mothers– have had to enter the workforce. Generally, the reasons for both being involved in the workforce revolve around the need to add to the family’s current financial base. To a lesser extent, the need to interact with “adults” in a stimulating work environment is another popular reason. Whatever their reasons, for many families, the decision for father and mother to go out of home and join the labour force has led to a number of side effects within the home which, in turn, impact upon their performance as employees.

Many researchers agree that attitudes towards work are carried over into family life. This spillover can be positive or negative. Positive spillover refers to the spread of satisfaction and positive stimulation at work resulting in high levels of energy and satisfaction at home. If the amount of research is to be taken as an indication, it would seem that positive spillover is not a dominant occurrence in the workplace with most research focusing on the effects of negative spillover. Often pointing out the incompatible nature of work and family life, the research focuses on problems and conflict at work which has the effect of draining and preoccupying the individual, making it difficult for him or her to participate fully in family life.

Social scientists have devised a number of theories in an attempt to explain the work–family dynamic.

Compensation theory is one which has been widely used. It assumes that the relationship between work and family is negative by pointing out that high involvement in one sphere– invariably the work sphere– leads to low involvement in the other. As an individual advances within a career, demands typically fluctuate from moderate to more demanding and if the advancing worker has younger children, this shift in work responsibilities will usually manifest itself in the form of less time spent with the family. Researchers subscribing to this theory point out that the drain on family time is significantly related to work–family conflict with an escalation in conflict, as the number of families increase.

The following are true EXCEPT ___________.

A. On the past, man earned money to provide the funds to pay for food and shelter for his family

B. The modern family structure has been affected by political and family values

C. The spread of satisfaction and positive stimulation at work result in high levels of energy and satisfaction at home

D. the advancing worker who has younger children spends more time with the family

Nguồn nguyên liệu thứ cấp của quá trình tiến hoá là

A. đột biến

B. nguồn gen di nhập

C. biến dị tổ hợp

D. quá trình giao phối